Thursday 8 December 2011

Nvidia

Nvidia (NASDAQ: NVDA; comedy /ɪnˈvɪdiə/ in-vid-ee-ə)1 is an American all-around technology aggregation based in Santa Clara, California. Nvidia is best accepted for its cartoon processors (GPU's). Nvidia and arch battling AMD Cartoon Technologies (formerly ATI Technologies) accept bedeviled the aerial achievement GPU market, blame added manufacturers to smaller, alcove roles. Nvidia's best accepted GPU artefact band labeled "GeForce" is in absolute antagonism with AMD's "Radeon" products.

In accession to GPU manufacturing, Nvidia provides alongside processing capabilities, to advisers and scientists, that acquiesce them to calmly run high-performance applications. They are deployed in supercomputing sites about the world.23 More recently, Nvidia has confused into the adaptable accretion market, area its processors ability phones and tablets, as able-bodied as auto infotainment systems.456 In accession to AMD, its added competitors accommodate Intel and Qualcomm.

Graphics-card families

Nvidia's artefact portfolio includes cartoon processors, wireless communications processors, PC belvedere (motherboard amount logic) chipsets, and agenda media amateur software. The association of computer users arguably has appear to apperceive Nvidia best for its GeForce artefact line, which consists of both a complete band of detached cartoon chips begin in AIB (add-in board) video cards and amount cartoon technology acclimated in nForce motherboards, Microsoft's aboriginal Xbox bold console, and Sony's PlayStation 3 bold console.

The afterward are the best notable artefact families produced by Nvidia:

GeForce

Quadro

Tegra

Tesla

nForce

Company history

Founders and antecedent investment

Three bodies co-founded Nvidia in 1993:7

Jen-Hsun Huang (As of 2008 CEO), a Taiwanese-born American, ahead Director of CoreWare at LSI Logic and a dent artist at Advanced Micro Devices (AMD).

Chris Malachowsky, an electrical architect who formed at Sun Microsystems.

Curtis Priem, ahead a chief agents architect and cartoon dent artist at Sun Microsystems.

The founders acquired adventure basic allotment from Sequoia Capital.8

Major releases and acquisitions

The autumn of 1999 saw the absolution of the GeForce 256 (NV10), best conspicuously introducing on-board transformation and lighting (T&L) to consumer-level 3D hardware. Running at 120 MHz and featuring four pixel pipelines, it implemented avant-garde video acceleration, motion compensation, and accouterments sub-picture alpha blending. The GeForce outperformed absolute articles by a advanced margin.

Due to the success of its products, Nvidia won the adjustment to beforehand the cartoon accouterments for Microsoft's Xbox bold console, which becoming Nvidia a $200 actor advance. However, the activity drew the time of abounding of Nvidia's best engineers abroad from added projects. In the abbreviate appellation this did not matter, and the GeForce2 GTS alien in the summertime of 2000.

In 2000, Nvidia acquired the bookish assets of its ancient battling 3dfx, one of the better cartoon companies of the mid- to late-1990s.9

In July 2002, Nvidia acquired Exluna for an bearding sum. Exluna fabricatedcomputer application apprehension accoutrement and the cadre were alloyed into the Cg project. 10

In August 2003, Nvidia acquired MediaQ for about $70million.11

On April 22, 2004, Nvidia acquired iReady, a provider of aerial achievement TCP/IP and iSCSI offload solutions.12

December 2004 saw the advertisement that Nvidia would abetment Sony with the architecture of the cartoon processor (RSX) in the PlayStation 3 bold console. In March 2006 it emerged that Nvidia would bear RSX to Sony as an IP core, and that Sony abandoned would adapt the accomplish of the RSX. Under the agreement, Nvidia will accommodate advancing abutment to anchorage the RSX to Sony's fabs of best (Sony and Toshiba), as able-bodied as die shrinks to 65 nm. This convenance contrasts with Nvidia's business adjustment with Microsoft, in which Nvidia managed assembly and commitment of the Xbox GPU through Nvidia's accepted third-party branch contracts. Meanwhile, Microsoft chosewhen? to authorization a architecture by ATI and to accomplish its own accomplishment arrange for the Xbox 360 cartoon hardware, as has Nintendo for the Wii animate (which succeeds the ATI-based Nintendo GameCube).

On December 14, 2005, Nvidia acquired ULI Electronics, which at the time supplied third-party southbridge genitalia for chipsets to ATI, Nvidia's competitor.13

In March 2006, Nvidia acquired Hybrid Graphics14

In December 2006, Nvidia, forth with its capital battling in the cartoon industry AMD (which had acquired ATI), accustomed subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice apropos accessible antitrust violations in the cartoon agenda industry.15

Forbes anniversary called Nvidia its Aggregation of the Year for 2007, citation the accomplishments it fabricated during the said aeon as able-bodied as during the antecedent 5 years.16

On January 5, 2007, Nvidia appear that it had completed the accretion of PortalPlayer, Inc.17

In February 2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia Technologies for an bearding sum. "The acquirement reflects both companies' aggregate ambition of creating the best amazing and arresting bold experiences," said Jen-Hsun Huang, admiral and CEO of Nvidia. "By accumulation the teams that created the world's best common GPU and physics agent brands, we can now accompany GeForce-accelerated PhysX to twelve actor gamers about the world."18 (The press-release fabricated no acknowledgment of the acquisition-cost nor of approaching affairs for specific products.)

In April 2009, a cloister circumscribed assorted chic activity apparel into one case, blue-blooded The Nvidia GPU Litigation.19 Nvidia agreed to alter adulterated chips in or balance purchasers who already spent to get their laptop repaired. Nvidia additionally gave backup laptops to abounding users in lieu of authoritative a repair. The replacements and payments were not fabricated until the adjustment was accomplished in 2011. Users were appropriate to appearance affidavit of acquirement and mail in their aboriginal adulterated laptop. The chips were present in a cardinal of Dell and HP laptops, as able-bodied as two Apple MacBook Pro models. Although the adjustment amount Nvidia millions of dollars, abounding of the individuals were black with the settlement, and assorted websites and blogs reflected this. The website advantaged Fair Nvidia Adjustment 20 was one such site.

On January 10, 2011, Nvidia active a six-year cross-licensing acceding with Intel which marks the end of all outstanding acknowledged disputes amid these two companies. According to the acceding Intel will pay Nvidia $1.5 billion in licensing fees payable in bristles anniversary installments.21

On February 15, 2011, Nvidia appear and approved the aboriginal quad-core processor for adaptable accessories at the at the Adaptable Apple Congress in Barcelona. This dent is accepted to address with abounding tablets to be appear in the additional bisected of 2011.22

In May 2011, it was appear that Nvidia had agreed to access Icera, a baseband dent authoritative aggregation in the UK, for $367 actor in cash.2324

Documentation and drivers

Nvidia does not broadcast the affidavit for its hardware, acceptation that programmers cannot address adapted and able open-source drivers for Nvidia's articles (compare Cartoon accouterments and FOSS). Instead, Nvidia provides its own bifold GeForce cartoon drivers for X.Org and a attenuate open-source library that interfaces with the Linux, FreeBSD or Solaris kernels and the proprietary cartoon software. Nvidia additionally supports an bleared open-source disciplinarian that alone supports two-dimensional accouterments dispatch and ships with the X.Org distribution. Nvidia's Linux abutment has answer alternate acceptance in the entertainment, accurate visualization, aegis and simulation/training industries, commonly bedeviled by SGI, Evans & Sutherland, and added almost cher vendors.citation needed

The proprietary attributes of Nvidia's drivers has generated annoyance aural free-software communities. Some Linux and BSD users assert on application alone open-source drivers, and attention Nvidia's affirmation on accouterment annihilation added than a binary-only disciplinarian as wholly inadequate, accustomed that aggressive manufacturers (like Intel) action abutment and affidavit for open-source developers, and that others (like ATI) absolution fractional affidavit and accommodate some alive development.2526

Because of the bankrupt attributes of the drivers, Nvidia video cards do not bear able appearance on some platforms and architectures (However this is creditedby whom? to be due to abridgement of the able atom API bare for implementation). Abutment for three-dimensional cartoon dispatch in Linux on the PowerPC does not exist; nor does abutment for Linux on the hypervisor-restricted PlayStation 3 console. While some users acquire the Nvidia-supported drivers, abounding users of open-sourcecomputer application would adopt more good out-of-the-box achievement if accustomed the choice.27

However, the achievement and functionality of the bifold Nvidia video agenda drivers beat those of open-source alternativescitation needed afterward VESA standards.

Sales and market trends

According to a analysis conducted by bazaar watch close Jon Peddie Research,28 Nvidia alien an estimated 33.00 actor cartoon chips in the aboriginal division of 2010, for a bazaar allotment of 31.5%. AMD and Intel alien an estimated 25.15 actor units (24.0% bazaar share) and an estimated 45.49 actor units (43.5% bazaar share) respectively. Nvidia's year-to-year advance was 41.9%.

In August 2011, Nvidia predicted the advance of its revenues would be 4% to 6%, instead of 4%, as analysts said.29

In September 2011, Nvidia anticipation able sales for 2013 in the arena of $4.75bn to $5bn, which surpasses analysts expectations of $4.45bn.